Nā mea pale ahiʻO ka lua o nā mea hoʻohui Lapa a me ka Palakiko nui loa
Mea pale ahihe mea kōkua i hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i nā mea mai ka hoʻā ʻia ʻana a kāohi i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā mea polymer. Me ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o nā mea synthetic a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mālie ʻana o nā kūlana pale ahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea pale ahi i nā plastics, rubber, coatings, etc. Wahi a nā mea kemika pono nui ma FR, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau māhele: nā mea pale ahi inorganic, nā mea pale ahi halogenated organik a me nā mea pale ahi phosphorus organik.
Nā mea pale ahi inorganicHana kino, he haʻahaʻa ka pono a me ka nui o ka hoʻohui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena i ka hana o nā mea. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana haʻahaʻa me nā koi haʻahaʻa o ka hana, e like me nā plastics PE, PVC, a pēlā aku. E lawe i ka alumini hydroxide (ATH) ma ke ʻano he laʻana. E hele ia i ka dehydration a me ka decomposition ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻia a hiki i 200 ℃. Hoʻopili ke kaʻina hana decomposition i ka wela a me ka mahu wai, i mea e kāohi ai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka mea, e hoʻemi i ka mahana o ka ʻili o ka mea, e hoʻolohi i ka wikiwiki o ka hopena thermal cracking. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka mahu wai ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka nui o ka oxygen a pale i ka puhi ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia ka alumina i hana ʻia e ka decomposition i ka ʻili o ka mea, hiki ke kāohi hou i ka laha ʻana o ke ahi.
Nā mea pale ahi halogen organikHoʻohana nui lākou i ke ʻano kemika. Kiʻekiʻe kona pono a ua like ka hoʻohui ʻana me ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me nā polymers. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā hoʻoheheʻe uila, nā papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia a me nā ʻāpana uila ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā kinoea ʻawahia a me nā kinoea ʻino, kahi e loaʻa ai kekahi mau pilikia palekana a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.Nā mea pale ahi brominated (BFR)he mau mea pale ahi halogenated ke ʻano nui. ʻO kekahinā mea pale ahi chloro-series (CFRs)Ua like ko lākou mahana palaho me ko nā mea polymer. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia a palaho ʻia nā polymers, hoʻomaka pū nā BFR e palaho, komo i loko o ka ʻāpana kuni kinoea me nā huahana palaho wela, kāohi i ka hopena a pale i ka laha ʻana o ka lapalapa. I ka manawa like, uhi ke kinoea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka ʻili o ka mea e ālai a hoʻoheheʻe i ka nui o ka oxygen, a hoʻolohi hope i ka hopena kuni a hiki i ka pau ʻana. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā BFR me ka antimony oxide (ATO). ʻAʻohe pale lapalapa o ATO iā ia iho, akā hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu e hoʻolalelale i ka palaho ʻana o ka bromine a i ʻole chlorine.
Nā mea pale ahi phosphorus organik (OPFRs)hana kino a me ke kemika, me ka pono kiʻekiʻe a me nā pono o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka lōʻihi a me ka hana kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai hana o ka alloy, hāʻawi i ka hana plasticizing a me ka hana maikaʻi loa. Me nā koi kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ke pani mālie nei nā OPFR i nā BFR ma ke ʻano he huahana nui.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o FR ke hana i ka mea e pale piha i ke ahi, hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ka hanana "flash burn", hoʻemi i ka hanana o ke ahi a lanakila i ka manawa pakele waiwai no ka poʻe i ke kahua ahi. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā koi aupuni no ka ʻenehana pale ahi e hoʻonui ai i ka manaʻolana hoʻomohala o FRs.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-19-2021